My question is: To what extent should schools attempt to teach morality?
This is a difficult question, because morality and faith are often quite entwined. In general, I think that schools should teach only the sort of morality that one can arrive at by reason, emotion, empathy, law, etc. - not by religion, atheism, or anything else which is theological in nature. Examples might be: do not hurt other students, do not steal, do not make fun of people for their theological viewpoints or for any other reason.
Rather than having teachers teach morals specific to a certain theological (or ideological, for that matter) viewpoint, guardians or institutions other than the public school system (such as Sunday schools) can choose to add on to the lessons students receive at school. Thus, if a parent wishes to teach a child that one should not consume animal products (either for spiritual or ideological reasons) or that one should not take the Lord's name in vain, they are perfectly free to do so, but they cannot expect the public school system to reinforce their lessons. Furthermore, if they wish to teach a child morals which contradict the morals the schools teach, the schools' morals must take precedence. This is because the schools should only be teaching a very basic level of morality, so that anything which contradicts it is obscure and irrational.
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